Bennett Angle, Condylar and Jaw Movements in Asymptomatic Athletes with a History of a Blow to One Side of the Mandibula.

Sports activities may induce long-lasting changes in mandibular trajectories. The aim was to compare condylar and mandibular movements in athletes with orofacial injuries with values measured in non-injured athletes. The group of 132 athletes without mandibular injury included asymptomatic athletes with a history of a blow to the right side (N = 43) and the group included asymptomatic athletes with a history of a blow to the left side (N = 41) of the mandible. The injured athletes suffered from stiffness/pain and/or limitation of jaw movements. The symptoms disappeared shortly after the injury. Athletes with a history of injury have smaller mean values of Bennett angle on the side of impact, and Bennett angle on the opposite side is greater than the mean found in non-injured athletes. Significantly smaller Bennett angle values in athletes with a history of a blow to one side of the mandible are due to the adaptability of the orofacial system. The larger Bennett angle on the opposite side of the injury is also due to the adaptive mechanism of the TMJ. Clinical Relevance: An individualized approach to TMJ values is mandatory in restorative procedures in every patient, especially in patients with a history of trauma to the orofacial system.

Evaluation of Bioactive Glass Treatment for Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Systematic Review.

The aim of this systematic review is to compare home and office desensitizers containing bioactive glass with control groups in randomized controlled trials (RCT) conducted between 2018 and 2022. According to PRISMA guidelines, three electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane Library) were searched for published scientific articles in October 2022. RCT with adult participants with dentin hypersensitivity (DH) diagnosed by evaporative, mechanical, or thermal stimulation, with a follow-up period and quantified pain assessment were included in the study. Studies that reported DH due to tooth restoration, crown preparation, bleaching, or periodontal surgery or used bioactive glass-ceramics were excluded. The quality of the studies was assessed using version 2 of the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool for randomized studies (RoB 2 tool). Articles that were duplicative or unrelated to this study were excluded. Nine articles were selected for full-text evaluation, whereas two articles were rejected. The remaining seven reports were included in this review. The calcium sodium phosphosilicate group (CSPS) was not significantly different from the positive control groups. Compared with the control groups, fluoro calcium phosphosilicate (FCPS) may be the most effective long-term treatment option. In terms of DH symptom reduction, the FCPS group performed better than the CSPS group. CSPS at a concentration of 5-15% and FCPS at a concentration of 5% are effective in treating DH in adult participants.

Differences in Movement of Temporomandibular Joints in Athletes With and Without Orofacial Injuries.

All sporting activities have an associated risk of orofacial injuries due to falls, collisions with players, devices, and hard surfaces. The purpose of this investigation was to determine is there alteration of condylar path and frontal guidance values in athletes with and without orofacial injuries. The sample consists of 34 athletes who were divided into two groups (Control and Examines group). "Control group" consists of 11 athletes without data of macrotrauma of the stomatognatic system (athletes who didn't get blow to the face). The second group is "Examines group" witch consists of 23 athletes with macrotrauma (athletes who get blow to the face), 11 of them were athletes with macrotrauma on the right side of jaw and 12 of them were athletes with macrotrauma on the left side of jaw. Athletes with anamnestic blow to the jaws, immediately after injury, have had stiffness/pain of masticatory muscles, pain in region of TMJ, and limitation of jaw movements. But all symptoms diminished and finally were gone after some days or weeks after injury. In time of investigation all of them were completely without any symptom of temporomandibular dysfunction according to RDC/TMD protocol, and were completely satisfied with function of their stomatognathic system. Athletes with macrotrauma have limitation of Bennett angle on the one side while on the opposite side Bennett angle is larger than the average values given in literature. As conclusion, if athletes with macrotrauma need prosthetic therapy, without individual articulator adjustment, prosthodontics work can cause iatrogenic interference. That interference during time may cause temporomandibular dysfunction. All patients need individual approach to their stomatognatic system, and only in that way damage to the system can be avoided.

Orofacial injuries reported by professional and non-professional basketball players in zagreb and zagreb county.

BACKGROUND: Injuries are common during sport activities, a part of which is also injuries to the stomatognathic system. According to the data from literature orofacial injuries are frequent, but relatively minor. World Dental Federation has listed basketball as a medium-risk sport in sustaining orofacial injuries. The purpose of this investigation was to determine incidence, type and severity of orofacial injuries during basketball and frequents of mouthguard use. SUBJECT AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 195 athletes who actively participate in basketball, 60 amateurs/non-professional and 135 professionals. RESULTS: A total of 2 265 injuries to the stomatognathic system were documented in this research; 200 (8.8%) of those injuries refer to the non-professionals and 2 065 (91.2%) to the professionals. The most common injuries are lacerations and contusions of soft tissue (a total of 2 208 or 97.5%), followed by dental injuries (a total of 57 or 2.5%). Out of all recorded laceration injuries 59.8% lacerations of soft tissue occurred during practice (12.6% amateurs and 87.4% professionals), while 40.2% of them occurred during games (2.5% amateurs and 97.5% professionals). Of a total of 57 dental injuries recorded during an athletes career, in 78.9% it were the professionals who suffered an injury, and in 21.1% of them the amateurs. Out of a total of 195 basketball players only 1% (2 players - one professional and one amateur) frequently used mouthguard during practice and games, while 93.3% of them never tried to wear a mouthguard. Such low percentage of mouthguard use in basketball players reflects poor awareness and education of athletes and coaches, as well as insufficient role of dentists in education. CONCLUSIONS: Orofacial injuries during basketball are not severe (80% lacerations), and therefore do not stimulate the use of a protecting devices even their use will totally diminish this type of injuries.

Orofacial injuries reported by junior and senior basketball players.

The increased popularity of sports, apart from being beneficial to health, also results in a larger number of injuries, a part of which are also injuries to the stomatognatic system. According to the data from literature orofacial injuries in basketball are frequent, but relatively minor. The World Dental Federation places basketball into the category of medium-risk sports for the occurrence of injuries to the stomatognatic system. The purpose of this investigation was to determine incidence, type and severity of orofacial injuries during basketball and the frequent of the mouthguard use in a selected sample of basketball players from the City of Zagreb and the Zagreb County. The sample consists of 195 athletes who actively participate in basketball, 61 junior and 134 senior players. A total of 2 615 injuries to the stomatognatic system were documented in this research, 529 (20.2%) of those refer to juniors and 2 086 (79.8%) to seniors. The most common injuries are lacerations and contusions of soft tissue 84.4% (21.5% juniors and 78.5% seniors), followed by temporomandibular joint injuries and oral muscles stiffness 13.4% (14.9% juniors and 85.1% seniors) and 2.2% dental injuries (3.5% juniors and 96.5% seniors). Only 6.7% of players (13 players--2 juniors and 11 seniors) have tried to wear a mouthguard, while only one 1% of them (2 players--one junior and one senior) frequently used it. Total number of injuries shows that sports injuries are common during basketball. Average number of almost 4 injuries per player is relatively high. Dental injuries and temporomandibular joint injuries and oral muscles stiffness are relatively rare, only 16%. Lacerations and contusions of soft tissues represent 84% of all injuries and that minor injuries do not require professional care.

[Sports injuries of temporomandibular joints and oral muscles in basketball players]. / Sportske ozljedetemporomandibularnih zglobova i zvacnih misica u kosarkasa.

All sporting activities have an associated risk of orofacial injuries due to falls, collisions with players, devices, and hard surfaces. Many authors have reported about incidence of orofacial injuries during sports activities. Flanders and Bhat concluded that 34% of all injuries in basketball are orofacial injuries, while orofacial injuries account for only 0.07% of all injuries in American football. AIM, METHODS AND EXAMINEES: The aim of this investigation was to identify the incidence, type and severity of temporomandibular joint injuries, stiffness and pain in oral muscles, and pain during opening and closure of the mouth while playing basketball. The sample consisted of 195 basketball players, 135 professionals and 60 non-professionals. They filled out the questionnaire individually with help of the researchers. RESULTS: The data received by the survey revealed a total of 350 temporomandibular joint injuries and/or pain, oral muscles stiffness and pain during opening and closure of the mouth during basketball career. The incidence of injuries was higher in professional 72.6% (254) than in non-professional players 27.4% (96). Twenty-four professional and 9 non-professional players reported pain or oral muscles stiffness, while 58 professional and 15 non-professional players reported pain during opening and closing the mouth. Only 1 non-professional player and 6 professional players reported injuries of the temporomandibular joint. All basketball players who were injured during their career had more than one injury. During career, professional players reported pain while opening and closing of the mouth more often than non-professional players, on the average 1.3 and 0.9 times, respectively. Pain or oral muscles stiffness during basketball career was reported 0.6 times on the average by non-professional players, as compared to 0.5 times by professional players. Non-professional players reported 5.2% injuries of temporomandibular joints during their career, while professional players only 3.2%. With regard to positions in the team, most injuries of temporomandibular joints, stiffness and pain in oral muscles were reported by forwards, on the average 2.33 incidents. Centers were the second most frequently injured group with an average of 1.96 incidents, followed by point guards with 1.74, power forwards with 1.62 and guards with 1.55 incidents. CONCLUSION: Only 2 basketball players (1%) frequently used a mouthguard and 93.3% of them never even tried to wear a mouthguard. Implementation of mandatory mouthguard usage in sports, such as basketball, would decrease such a large number of sports injuries. Mouthguards would absorb the force of impact and consequently stiffness and pain in oral muscles so that injuries of temporomandibular joints would be reduced or even avoided. Such a low percentage of mouthguard use in basketball players reflects poor awareness and education of both athletes and coaches, as well as an insufficient role of dentists in sports medicine and education.